![]() ![]() ![]() Also, maternal exposure to high levels of Mn through drinking water in Bangladesh has been related to increased fetal abnormalities and fetal mortality. An increasing number of studies suggest that excess exposure to Mn may have detrimental effects on the developing organism, particularly neurological development. Human activities such as mining, metal smelting, and other industrial uses of Mn may increase Mn levels in the environment. The general population is exposed to Mn through consumption of food and water, inhalation of air, and contact with consumer products that contain Mn. Mn occurs naturally in the environment and has several industrial uses including production of steels, portable batteries, and aluminum beverage cans. Manganese (Mn) poses a particular challenge in that it is an essential nutrient for normal development, with involvement in bone formation, protein and energy metabolism, and metabolic regulation, but it is also a potential toxicant if overexposure occurs. There are growing concerns about the role of environmental exposures in the etiology of LBW. LBW is not only a major determinant of mortality, morbidity and disability in infancy and childhood, but is also associated with a number of health problems in later life, such as neurodevelopmental disabilities, growth and metabolic disorders, and respiratory disorders. The estimated 30 million LBW infants born annually (23.8 % of all births) worldwide often face severe short- and long-term health consequences. Low birth weight (LBW), a birth weight less than 2,500 g, constitutes a significant public health problem in both developing and developed countries. The findings also show that the associations may vary by maternal age and infant sex, but require confirmation in other populations. Lower or higher levels of maternal urinary Mn are associated with LBW, though only the association of LBW risk and higher levels of Mn was statistically significant. However, among the mothers with male infants or the older mothers ≥ 28 years old, only higher levels of Mn were positively associated with LBW. Similar associations were observed among the mothers with female infants and among the younger mothers < 28 years old. ![]() A curvilinear relationship between maternal urinary Mn and risk of LBW was observed, showing that the concentration at 0.43 μg/g creatinine was the point of inflection. Compared to the medium tertile of Mn levels, an increased risk of LBW was observed for the lowest tertile (≤0.30 μg/g creatinine), and a significantly increased risk of LBW was observed for the highest tertile (≥1.16 μg/g creatinine). The median Mn concentration in maternal urine was 0.69 μg/g creatinine. Mn concentrations in maternal urine samples collected before delivery were measured in 816 subjects (204 LBW cases and 612 matched controls) recruited between 20 in Hubei Province, China. We investigated the association between maternal urinary Mn during pregnancy and the risk of low birth weight (LBW). Early epidemiological studies evaluating the effect of Mn on fetal growth are inconsistent. Setup+Crack Size: 8.3 MB Download Links > HiDownload Platinum v8.0.Manganese (Mn) is an essential element for humans, but exposure to high levels has been associated with adverse developmental outcomes. – ZIP Preview – Preview and extract Zip files as they download – Build-in podcast manager, help you download podcast and easy tomanage them. – Live Manager help you schedule and manage the live streaming. – Build-in Sniffer help you capture stream’s link ![]() – Download QuickTime streaming Video or Audio content fromquicktime streaming media server, and support. – Download MP3 Streaming from, IceCast and other mp3streaming websites. – Download Real Video and Audio from Real Media Server throughRTSP, PNM and HTTP protocols, support All RealMedia streamingformats(rm, ra, rmvb, ram, smil, smi, pnm, …) – Download windows stream video and audio(silverlight) through MMS,RTSP and HTTP protocols, suppport all the window streamformats(wmv, asf, wma, asx, wvx, wax, …) – Download flash video(flv, mp4, f4v, m4v,…) through HTTP, RTMP,RTMPT protocols from social websites(youtube, facebook, …) Here are some key features of “HiDownloadPlatinum”: HiDownload Platinumis an application designed to download multimedia streamingvideo and audio, it enables you to download movies, music andcapture streaming video and audio and record radio from Internet.Supports RTMP, MMS, RTSP, HTTP stream protocols, the build-insniffer helps you capture stream’s link(URL). ![]()
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